Brief Answers to the Big Questions

During the last few years many people of great talent have been allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union.As many of Russia’s best living writers are now living outside their own country, it was recently decided to launch a quarterly journal to which they would all contribute. This journal, KONTINENT, would open a dialogue between these writers and the literary figures in the West interested in the problems of Eastern Europe.This collection is drawn from the first two Russian volumes of KONTINENT, and includes valuable contributions from the most famous ‘stars’ of Russia’s ‘third emigration’. There is the historic controversy between Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Andrei Sakharov, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize; a memorable article by Abram Terz (Andrei Sinyavsky) on the literary process in Russia; a novella by Vladimir Maramzin; and poems by Joseph Brodsky, widely accepted as Russia’s most talented living poet, and by Alexander Galich, whose work is enjoyed in song form by millions of Russians.

To Alexei Tolstoy (1883-1945) history, in addition to an artistic theme, was also a means of studying life. The novel “Peter the Great” was preceded by various works on this theme (Peters Day, On the Rack) which depict the formative stages of the authors conception of history. Tolstoy published the first part of the novel in 1929, the second in 1934, working on the third part until the day of his death, yet leaving it unfinished.The novel is dynamic. It shows the epoch and Peter himself, a true national hero of Russia and creator of the Russian state, in all their magnificence and multiplicity, in all their contradictions. The author describes the transformation of Russia into a mighty power. The novel is imbued with pride for Russia and faith in the Russian people. This profoundly realistic work has greatly influenced Soviet writers working in the field of history. Tolstoy won the Stalin Prize for this novel.

What turned Adolf Hitler, a relatively normal and apparently unexceptional young man, into the very personification of evil? To answer this question, acclaimed historian Brigitte Hamann has turned to the critical, formative, years that the young Hitler spent in Vienna. As a failing, bitter, and desperately poor artist, Hitler experienced only the dark underbelly of Vienna, which was seething with fear, racial prejudice, anti-Semitism and conservatism. Drawing on previously untapped sources—from personal reminiscences to the records of shelters where Hitler slept—Hamann vividly recreates the dark side of fin de siècle Vienna and paints the fullest and most disturbing portrait of the young Hitler to date.